不同地理种群甘薯茎线虫乙酰胆碱酯酶对抑制剂的敏感性

用改进的Ellman方法测定了河北省昌黎、涿州、卢龙和抚宁四个不同地理种群甘薯茎线虫Ditylenchus destructor的乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）的生化特性及其对抑制剂涕灭威和毒扁豆碱的敏感性差异。结果表明：甘薯茎线虫AChE至少存在两种类型，一种类型对毒扁豆碱的IC50值小于10^-6mol／L，另一种类型大于10^-4mol／L。当抑制剂毒扁豆碱浓度为10^-6～10^10mol／L、涕灭威浓度为10^-5～10^10mol／L时，甘薯茎线虫昌黎种群AChE的敏感性抑制率明显高于涿州、抚宁、卢龙三地的甘薯茎线虫种群AChE的抑制率。各地种群AChE对抑制剂敏感性差异是由于甘薯茎线虫AChE的多态性和各分子型综合性改变的结果。     

人参总皂苷及其衍生物对小鼠淋巴细胞和NK细胞免疫活性的影响

为了提高人参总皂苷的生物学活性,对其进行了硫酸化修饰,并探讨总皂苷及其衍生物对小鼠脾T、B淋巴细胞增殖（MTT法）和NK细胞杀伤活性（乳酸脱氢酶释放法）的影响。结果表明,2种衍生物质量浓度在50～500 mg/L时可以促进小鼠脾T、B淋巴细胞的分化增殖和NK细胞对YAC-1的杀伤作用,质量浓度较高时促进作用明显优于总皂苷;衍生物质量浓度达到1 400 mg/L时,仍然可以显著促进T淋巴细胞的增殖。试验结果提示,人参皂苷的这种衍生物有可能成为一种毒副作用较小、免疫活性更强的药物。     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的分离鉴定及其分子流行病学分析

为了弄清2006年在我国南方一些猪场暴发的一种以高热、高发病率和高死亡率为特征的传染病的病因,我们从12个省市48个发病猪场采集临床样品进行了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)的分离鉴定和分子流行病学分析。结果显示从48个猪场样品中均检测出了PRRSV,通过完整的ORF5和部分Nsp2基因序列比较分析发现来自12个省市不同猪场的PRRSV高度同源,而且在Nsp2基因上都有两个相同位点的缺失;从分离的15株PRRSV中选择湖南分离株HuN4人工感染5头60日龄的健康猪,结果5头猪分别在7 d～21 d内全部死亡,感染猪的临床症状和现地所见十分相似。本次试验结果表明新出现的以Nsp2基因部分缺失为特征的PRRSV对猪是高致病性的,可能是2006年大部分猪场暴发"高热综合症"的主要病因。     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌Apx毒素的分子生物学与致病机理

猪传染性胸膜肺炎是由胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(App)引起的猪的一种呼吸道传染病.到目前为止,APP已经被分离鉴定出了15种血清型(1～15).15种血清型的APP能产生属于RTX毒素家族的4种Apx毒素,分别为ApxⅠ、ApxⅡ、ApxⅢ和ApxⅣ.ApxⅠ操纵子包含有ApxⅠ C、A、B、D 4个基因;ApxⅠ毒素含有13个富含甘氨酸的重复区.ApxⅡ操纵子仅包括结构基因ApxⅡA和激活基因ApxⅡC,而无分泌基因;ApxⅡ蛋白含有8个甘氨酸的序列重复.ApxⅢ操纵子与ApxⅠ操纵子相同,具有一个完整的操纵子;ApxⅢ在N～末端有3个疏水区,在C末端部分有13个富含甘氨酸的区域.Apx毒素的致病机理为先由没有活性的前体蛋白转变为有活性的ApxA蛋白,再由有活性的ApxA蛋白侵害细胞.     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒N蛋白研究进展

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)是严重危害养鸡业的重要病原之一.近年来国内外学者在分子生物学领域方面的研究不断深入,在病毒基因组的结构与功能及其N蛋白的研究方面取得了重要进展.对N蛋白如何特异性地识别病毒基因组RNA、参与病毒RNA的复制和包装、诱导IBV体液和细胞免疫应答的机制、IBV新型基因工程疫苗研制以及IBV的抗体水平监测等方面的研究,为IBV基因工程疫苗设计及其免疫防控提供了科学依据.     

Microsatellite markers based assessment of genetic diversity in Iranian olive (Olea europaea L.) collections

To study the genetic variation in Iranian olive collections and some foreign olive cultivars, 47 accessions of 18 local cultivars from 6 olive collections of Iran (Roudbar, Zanjan, Ahvaz, Dezful, Kazeroon and Shiraz), were analyzed along with 30 imported cultivars using 16 microsatellite primer pairs. All the used microsatellite loci revealed polymorphism in the studied genotypes, except GAPU14 and GAPU113 markers. Fourteen microsatellite primers amplified 126 polymorphic alleles in the 87 selected olive accessions. The average number of alleles per locus was 9, ranging from 3 to 14. Polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.85. The genetic similarity based on Jaccard coefficient ranged from 0.15 to 1. The genetic relationships among accessions were investigated using cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). Most of the accessions with the same name were grouped together; some exceptions were also observed. As expected, close relationship was observed among accessions within same cultivar. Most of the Iranian olive accessions were clustered to a main distinct group. Two-dimensional scatter plot of principal component analysis revealed a clear separation of most of the Iranian olives from Syrian and other introduced cultivars. These suggest that Iranian cultivars have different origin related to West Mediterranean basin cultivars and have evolved independently from the others. Between and within Iranian and foreign cultivars (cultivars including three or more accessions) genetic diversity was analyzed using analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). AMOVA revealed higher within cultivar genetic variation (62.76%) as compare to that between cultivar variations (37.24%). The intra- and inter-cultivar variance tested by permutation test showed significant genetic variation at both levels. The high level within cultivar genetic variance could be due to mislabeling and presence of homonyms in cultivars produced by vegetative propagation from original plants.     

Assessment of genetic purity of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) hybrid using molecular markers

Three DNA molecular marker systems, RAPD, ISSR and SSR, were used to test seed genetic purity of two commercial hybrid tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) cultivars ‘Hezuo 903’ and ‘Sufen No. 8’. Genomic DNA from the two F₁ hybrid cultivars and their corresponding parental lines was screened with 218 RAPD decamer primers, 54 ISSR primers and 49 SSR primers. Among the 321 primers, 4 primers for ‘Hezuo 903’ and 3 for ‘Sufen No. 8’, which could produce both female and male parent-specific markers, were selected for testing the genetic purity. A total of 210 hybrid individuals of each cultivar were analyzed using the identified primers. The combined results of the marker analysis showed that eight of the 210 F₁ plants in ‘Hezuo 903’ and 13 of 210 in ‘Sufen No. 8’ were false hybrids, and the overall genetic purity of the two F₁ hybrid seed lots was 96.2 and 93.8%, respectively. This study showed that RAPD and SSR markers could provide a practical and efficient tool in quality control of the tomato commercial hybrid seeds.     

秆野螟属(Ostrinia)系统进化与分类研究进展

秆野螟属(Ostrinia)昆虫全球分布20种,寄主广泛,在农业生产中具有重要的经济意义。由于该属地理分布广泛,形态特征复杂,寄主和生态区重叠严重,秆野螟属系统发育研究还存在很多问题尚未解决。本文综合中国秆野螟属分类概况,对目前应用于秆野螟属系统发育研究的各种性状,包括形态特征、性信息素(生殖隔离)以及分子水平的研究进展作了阐述,并针对秆野螟属研究内容的复杂性及其研究现状,提出了相关对策。     

桑细菌性青枯病病原及其生化型鉴定

为有效治理浙江省杭州地区桑树上严重发生的新病害,开展了病原及其特性研究。从临安市和桐庐县的青枯桑树上分离出15株致病细菌,经25项主要细菌学特性、菌落形态、致病性、Bi-olog、脂肪酸分析、RAPD-PCR鉴定及与4株标准菌株比较,证实了这种桑青枯病是由Ralstoniaso-lanacearum引起,属于生化型Ⅴ和Ⅳ,它们在15株分离菌中分别占73.3%和26.7%。同时,在该病原细菌的鉴定中,建立了简便易行的桑青枯病病原细菌致病性测定新方法。     

Genetic characterization by fluorescent AFLP of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi strains isolated from different host species

The genetic diversity of 71 Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi strains isolated from different host species and from diverse geographical regions was determined by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (f-AFLP) analysis. The study was carried out using three different selective primer combinations. Strains of P. syringae pv. syringae , P. syringae pv. phaseolicola , P. syringae pv. glycinea , P. syringae pv. tagetis and P. amygdali were also included as outgroups. Based on cluster analysis of f-AFLP data, all P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi strains showed a high degree of similarity, grouping in a cluster and forming a taxon clearly separate from outgroup strains. AFLP analyses failed to support placing strains of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi , P. syringae pv. phaseolicola and P. syringae pv. glycinea in the same species. Strains of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi formed subclusters that correlated with the host species. Strains identified within these subclusters were related to the geographical region where the strains were isolated. Strains of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi from olive were divided into two subclusters. Strains from oleander were differentiated from those from ash and were divided into two additional subclusters, distinct from olive strains. Three strains isolated from jasmine showed a high level of similarity among them but, at a lower Dice similarity coefficient, were linked to a subcluster including olive strains. Finally, two strains isolated from privet were similar to strains from olive and were included in the same subcluster.